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Handbook of Optics (Volume V)Atmospheric Optics, Modulators, Fiber Optics, X-Ray and Neutron OpticsISBN: 0071633138 / 9780071633130 Buy the Book |
Contents of Volume V
Part 1. Measurements
Chapter 1. ScatterometersJohn C. Stover
1.1 Glossary / 1.3
1.2 Introduction / 1.3
1.3 Definitions and Specifications / 1.5
1.4 Instrument Configurations and Component Descriptions / 1.7
1.5 Instrumentation Issues / 1.11
1.6 Measurement Issues / 1.13
1.7 Incident Power Measurement, System Calibration, and Error Analysis / 1.14
1.8 Summary / 1.16
1.9 References / 1.16
Chapter 2. Spectroscopic Measurements
Brian Henderson
2.1 Glossary / 2.1
2.2 Introductory Comments / 2.2
2.3 Optical Absorption Measurements of Energy Levels / 2.2
2.4 The Homogeneous Lineshape of Spectra / 2.13
2.5 Absorption, Photoluminescence, and Radiative Decay Measurements / 2.19
2.6 References / 2.24
Part 2. Atmospheric Optics
Chapter 3. Atmospheric OpticsDennis K. Killinger, James H. Churnside, and Laurence S. Rothman
3.1 Glossary / 3.3
3.2 Introduction / 3.4
3.3 Physical and Chemical Composition of the Standard Atmosphere / 3.6
3.4 Fundamental Theory of Interaction of Light with the Atmosphere / 3.11
3.5 Prediction of Atmospheric Optical Transmission: Computer Programs and Databases / 3.22
3.6 Atmospheric Optical Turbulence / 3.26
3.7 Examples of Atmospheric Optical Remote Sensing / 3.36
3.8 Meteorological Optics / 3.40
3.9 Atmospheric Optics and Global Climate Change / 3.43
3.10 Acknowledgments / 3.45
3.11 References / 3.45
Chapter 4. Imaging through Atmospheric Turbulence
Virendra N. Mahajan and Guang-ming Dai
4.1 Abstract / 4.1
4.1 Glossary / 4.1
4.2 Introduction / 4.2
4.3 Long-Exposure Image / 4.3
4.4 Kolmogorov Turbulence and Atmospheric Coherence Length / 4.7
4.5 Application to Systems with Annular Pupils / 4.10
4.6 Modal Expansion of Aberration Function / 4.17
4.7 Covariance and Variance of Expansion Coefficients / 4.20
4.8 Angle of Arrival Fluctuations / 4.23
4.9 Aberration Variance and Approximate Strehl Ratio / 4.27
4.10 Modal Correction of Atmospheric Turbulence / 4.28
4.11 Short-Exposure Image / 4.31
4.12 Adaptive Optics / 4.35
4.13 Summary / 4.36
4.14 Acknowledgments / 4.37
4.15 References / 4.37
Chapter 5. Adaptive Optics
Robert Q. Fugate
5.1 Glossary / 5.1
5.2 Introduction / 5.2
5.3 The Adaptive Optics Concept / 5.2
5.4 The Nature of Turbulence and Adaptive Optics Requirements / 5.5
5.5 Ao Hardware and Software Implementation / 5.21
5.6 How to Design an Adaptive Optical System / 5.38
5.7 Acknowledgments / 5.46
5.8 References / 5.47
Part 3. Modulators
Chapter 6. Acousto-Optic DevicesI-Cheng Chang
6.1 Glossary / 6.3
6.2 Introduction / 6.4
6.3 Theory of Acousto-Optic Interaction / 6.5
6.4 Acousto-Optic Materials / 6.16
6.5 Acousto-Optic Deflector / 6.22
6.6 Acousto-Optic Modulator / 6.31
6.7 Acousto-Optic Tunable Filter / 6.35
6.8 References / 6.45
Chapter 7. Electro-Optic Modulators
Georgeanne M. Purvinis and Theresa A. Maldonado 7.1
7.1 Glossary / 7.1
7.2 Introduction / 7.3
7.3 Crystal Optics and the Index Ellipsoid / 7.3
7.4 The Electro-Optic Effect / 7.6
7.5 Modulator Devices / 7.16
7.6 Applications / 7.36
7.7 Appendix: Euler Angles / 7.39
7.8 References / 7.40
Chapter 8. Liquid Crystals
Sebastian Gauza and Shin-Tson Wu
8.1 Abstract / 8.1
8.1 Glossary / 8.1
8.2 Introduction to Liquid Crystals / 8.2
8.3 Types of Liquid Crystals / 8.4
8.4 Liquid Crystals Phases / 8.8
8.5 Physical Properties / 8.13
8.6 Liquid Crystal Cells / 8.25
8.7 Liquid Crystals Displays / 8.29
8.8 Polymer/Liquid Crystal Composites / 8.36
8.9 Summary / 8.37
8.10 References / 8.38
8.11 Bibliography / 8.39
Part 4. Fiber Optics
Chapter 9. Optical Fiber Communication Technology and System OverviewIra Jacobs
9.1 Introduction / 9.3
9.2 Basic Technology / 9.4
9.3 Receiver Sensitivity / 9.8
9.4 Bit Rate and Distance Limits / 9.12
9.5 Optical Amplifiers / 9.13
9.6 Fiber-Optic Networks / 9.14
9.7 Analog Transmission on Fiber / 9.15
9.8 Technology and Applications Directions / 9.17
9.9 References / 9.17
Chapter 10. Nonlinear Effects in Optical Fibers
John A. Buck
10.1 Key Issues in Nonlinear Optics in Fibers / 10.1
10.2 Self- and Cross-Phase Modulation / 10.3
10.3 Stimulated Raman Scattering / 10.4
10.4 Stimulated Brillouin Scattering / 10.7
10.5 Four-Wave Mixing / 10.9
10.6 Conclusion / 10.11
10.7 References / 10.12
Chapter 11. Photonic Crystal Fibers
Philip St. J. Russell and Greg J. Pearce
11.1 Glossary / 11.1
11.2 Introduction / 11.2
11.3 Brief History / 11.2
11.4 Fabrication Techniques / 11.4
11.5 Modeling and Analysis / 11.6
11.6 Characteristics of Photonic Crystal Cladding / 11.7
11.7 Linear Characteristics of Guidance / 11.11
11.8 Nonlinear Characteristics of Guidance / 11.22
11.9 Intrafiber Devices, Cutting, and Joining / 11.26
11.10 Conclusions / 11.28
11.11 Appendix / 11.28
11.12 References / 11.28
Chapter 12. Infrared Fibers
James A. Harrington
12.1 Introduction / 12.1
12.2 Nonoxide and Heavy-Metal Oxide Glass IR Fibers / 12.3
12.3 Crystalline Fibers / 12.7
12.4 Hollow Waveguides / 12.10
12.5 Summary and Conclusions / 12.13
12.6 References / 12.13
Chapter 13. Sources, Modulators, and Detectors for Fiber Optic Communication Systems
Elsa Garmire
13.1 Introduction / 13.1
13.2 Double Heterostructure Laser Diodes / 13.3
13.3 Operating Characteristics of Laser Diodes / 13.8
13.4 Transient Response of Laser Diodes / 13.13
13.5 Noise Characteristics of Laser Diodes / 13.18
13.6 Quantum Well and Strained Lasers / 13.24
13.7 Distributed Feedback and Distributed Bragg Reflector Lasers / 13.28
13.8 Tunable Lasers / 13.32
13.9 Light-Emitting Diodes / 13.36
13.10 Vertical Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers / 13.42
13.11 Lithium Niobate Modulators / 13.48
13.12 Electroabsorption Modulators / 13.55
13.13 Electro-Optic and Electrorefractive Modulators / 13.61
13.14 PIN Diodes / 13.63
13.15 Avalanche Photodiodes, Msm Detectors, and Schottky Diodes / 13.71
13.16 References / 13.74
Chapter 14. Optical Fiber Amplifiers
John A. Buck
14.1 Introduction / 14.1
14.2 Rare-Earth-Doped Amplifier Configuration and Operation / 14.2
14.3 Edfa Physical Structure and Light Interactions / 14.4
14.4 Other Rare-Earth Systems / 14.7
14.5 Raman Fiber Amplifiers / 14.8
14.6 Parametric Amplifiers / 14.10
14.7 References / 14.11
Chapter 15. Fiber Optic Communication Links (Telecom, Datacom, and Analog)
Casimer DeCusatis and Guifang Li
15.1 Figures of Merit / 15.2
15.2 Link Budget Analysis: Installation Loss / 15.6
15.3 Link Budget Analysis: Optical Power Penalties / 15.8
15.4 References / 15.18
Chapter 16. Fiber-Based Couplers
Daniel Nolan
16.1 Introduction / 16.1
16.2 Achromaticity / 16.3
16.3 Wavelength Division Multiplexing / 16.4
16.4 1 ´ N Power Splitters / 16.4
16.5 Switches and Attenuators / 16.4
16.6 Mach-Zehnder Devices / 16.4
16.7 Polarization Devices / 16.5
16.8 Summary / 16.6
16.9 References / 16.6
Chapter 17. Fiber Bragg Gratings
Kenneth O. Hill
17.1 Glossary / 17.1
17.2 Introduction / 17.1
17.3 Photosensitivity / 17.2
17.4 Properties of Bragg Gratings / 17.3
17.5 Fabrication of Fiber Gratings / 17.4
17.6 The Application of Fiber Gratings / 17.8
17.7 References / 17.9
Chapter 18. Micro-Optics-Based Components for Networking
Joseph C. Palais
18.1 Introduction / 18.1
18.2 Generalized Components / 18.1
18.3 Network Functions / 18.2
18.4 Subcomponents / 18.5
18.5 Components / 18.9
18.6 References / 18.12
Chapter 19. Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers
Jay M. Wiesenfeld and Leo H. Spiekman
19.1 Introduction / 19.1
19.2 Device Basics / 19.2
19.3 Fabrication / 19.15
19.4 Device Characterization / 19.17
19.5 Applications / 19.22
19.6 Amplification of Signals / 19.22
19.7 Switching and Modulation / 19.28
19.8 Nonlinear Applications / 19.29
19.9 Final Remarks / 19.36
19.10 References / 19.36
Chapter 20. Optical Time-Division Multiplexed Communication Networks
Peter J. Delfyett
20.1 Glossary / 20.1
20.2 Introduction / 20.3
20.3 Multiplexing and Demultiplexing / 20.3
20.4 Introduction to Device Technology / 20.12
20.5 Summary and Future Outlook / 20.24
20.6 Bibliography / 20.25
Chapter 21. WDM Fiber-Optic Communication Networks
Alan E. Willner, Changyuan Yu, Zhongqi Pan, and Yong Xie
21.1 Introduction / 21.1
21.2 Basic Architecture of Wdm Networks / 21.4
21.3 Fiber System Impairments / 21.13
21.4 Optical Modulation Formats for Wdm Systems / 21.27
21.5 Optical Amplifiers in Wdm Networks / 21.37
21.6 Summary / 21.44
21.7 Acknowledgments / 21.44
21.8 References / 21.44
Chapter 22. Solitons in Optical Fiber Communication Systems
Pavel V. Mamyshev
22.1 Introduction / 22.1
22.2 Nature of the Classical Soliton / 22.2
22.3 Properties of Solitons / 22.4
22.4 Classical Soliton Transmission Systems / 22.5
22.5 Frequency-Guiding Filters / 22.7
22.6 Sliding Frequency-Guiding Filters / 22.8
22.7 Wavelength Division Multiplexing / 22.9
22.8 Dispersion-Managed Solitons / 22.12
22.9 Wavelength-Division Multiplexed Dispersionmanaged Soliton Transmission / 22.15
22.10 Conclusion / 22.17
22.11 References / 22.17
Chapter 23. Fiber-Optic Communication Standards
Casimer DeCusatis
23.1 Introduction / 23.1
23.2 Escon / 23.1
23.3 Fddi / 23.2
23.4 Fibre Channel Standard / 23.4
23.5 Atm/sonet / 23.6
23.6 Ethernet / 23.7
23.7 Infiniband / 23.8
23.8 References / 23.8
Chapter 24. Optical Fiber Sensors
Richard O. Claus, Ignacio Matias, and Francisco Arregui
24.1 Introduction / 24.1
24.2 Extrinsic Fabry-Perot Interferometric Sensors / 24.2
24.3 Intrinsic Fabry-Perot Interferometric Sensors / 24.4
24.4 Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors / 24.5
24.5 Long-Period Grating Sensors / 24.8
24.6 Comparison of Sensing Schemes / 24.13
24.7 Conclusion / 24.13
24.8 References / 24.13
24.9 Further Reading / 24.14
Chapter 25. High-Power Fiber Lasers and Amplifiers
Timothy S. McComb, Martin C. Richardson, and Michael Bass
25.1 Glossary / 25.1
25.2 Introduction / 25.3
25.3 Fiber Laser Limitations / 25.6
25.4 Fiber Laser Fundamentals / 25.7
25.5 Fiber Laser Architectures / 25.9
25.6 Lma Fiber Designs / 25.18
25.7 Active Fiber Dopants / 25.22
25.8 Fiber Fabrication and Materials / 25.26
25.9 Spectral and Temporal Modalities / 25.29
25.10 Conclusions / 25.33
25.11 References / 25.33
Part 5. X-Ray and Neutron Optics
Sub Part 5.1. Introduction and ApplicationsChapter 26. An Introduction to X-Ray and Neutron Optics
Carolyn MacDonald
26.1 History / 26.5
26.2 X-Ray Interaction with Matter / 26.6
26.3 Optics Choices / 26.7
26.4 Focusing and Collimation / 26.9
26.5 References / 26.11
Chapter 27. Coherent X-Ray Optics and Microscopy
Qun Shen
27.1 Glossary / 27.1
27.2 Introduction / 27.2
27.3 Fresnel Wave Propagation / 27.2
27.4 Unified Approach for Near- and Far-Field Diffraction / 27.2
27.5 Coherent Diffraction Microscopy / 27.4
27.6 Coherence Preservation in X-Ray Optics / 27.5
27.7 References / 27.5
Chapter 28. Requirements for X-Ray Diffraction
Scott T. Misture
28.1 Introduction / 28.1
28.2 Slits / 28.1
28.3 Crystal Optics / 28.3
28.4 Multilayer Optics / 28.5
28.5 Capillary and Polycapillary Optics / 28.5
28.6 Diffraction and Fluorescence Systems / 28.5
28.7 X-Ray Sources and Microsources / 28.7
28.8 References / 28.7
Chapter 29. Requirements for X-Ray Fluorescence
Walter Gibson and George Havrilla
29.1 Introduction / 29.1
29.2 Wavelength-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (Wdxrf) / 29.2
29.3 Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (Edxrf) / 29.3
29.4 References / 29.12
Chapter 30. Requirements for X-Ray Spectroscopy
Dirk Lützenkirchen-Hecht and Ronald Frahm
30.1 References / 30.5
Chapter 31. Requirements for Medical Imaging and X-Ray Inspection
Douglas Pfeiffer
31.1 Introduction to Radiography and Tomography / 31.1
31.2 X-Ray Attenuation and Image Formation / 31.1
31.3 X-Ray Detectors and Image Receptors / 31.4
31.4 Tomography / 31.5
31.5 Computed Tomography / 31.5
31.6 Digital Tomosynthesis / 31.7
31.7 Digital Displays / 31.8
31.8 Conclusion / 31.9
31.9 References / 31.10
Chapter 32. Requirements for Nuclear Medicine
Lars R. Furenlid
32.1 Introduction / 32.1
32.2 Projection Image Acquisition / 32.2
32.3 Information Content in Spect / 32.3
32.4 Requirements for Optics For Spect / 32.4
32.5 References / 32.4
Chapter 33. Requirements for X-Ray Astronomy
Scott O. Rohrbach
33.1 Introduction / 33.1
33.2 Trade-Offs / 33.2
33.3 Summary / 33.4
Chapter 34. Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography
Franco Cerrina and Fan Jiang
34.1 Introduction / 34.1
34.2 Technology / 34.2
34.3 Outlook / 34.5
34.4 Acknowledgments / 34.6
34.5 References / 34.7
Chapter 35. Ray Tracing of X-Ray Optical Systems
Franco Cerrina and Manuel Sanchez del Rio
35.1 Introduction / 35.1
35.2 The Conceptual Basis of shadow / 35.2
35.3 Interfaces and Extensions of shadow / 35.3
35.4 Examples / 35.4
35.5 Conclusions and Future / 35.5
35.6 References / 35.6
Chapter 36. X-Ray Properties of Materials
Eric M. Gullikson
36.1 X-Ray and Neutron Optics / 36.2
36.2 Electron Binding Energies, Principal K- and L-Shell Emission Lines, and Auger Electron Energies / 36.3
36.3 References / 36.10
Sub Part 5.2. Refractive and Interference Optics
Chapter 37. Refractive X-Ray Lenses
Bruno Lengeler and Christian G. Schroer
37.1 Introduction / 37.3
37.2 Refractive X-Ray Lenses with Rotationally Parabolic Profile / 37.4
37.3 Imaging with Parabolic Refractive X-Ray Lenses / 37.6
37.4 Microfocusing with Parabolic Refractive X-Ray Lenses / 37.7
37.5 Prefocusing and Collimation with Parabolic Refractive X-Ray Lenses / 37.8
37.6 Nanofocusing Refractive X-Ray Lenses / 37.8
37.7 Conclusion / 37.11
37.8 References / 37.11
Chapter 38. Gratings and Monochromators in the VUV and Soft X-Ray Spectral Region
Malcolm R. Howells
38.1 Introduction / 38.1
38.2 Diffraction Properties / 38.1
38.3 Focusing Properties / 38.3
38.4 Dispersion Properties / 38.6
38.5 Resolution Properties / 38.7
38.6 Efficiency / 38.8
38.7 References / 38.8
Chapter 39. Crystal Monochromators and Bent Crystals
Peter Siddons
39.1 Crystal Monochromators / 39.1
39.2 Bent Crystals / 39.5
39.3 References / 39.6
Chapter 40. Zone Plates Alan Michette 40.1
40.1 Introduction / 40.1
40.2 Geometry of a Zone Plate / 40.1
40.3 Zone Plates as Thin Lenses / 40.3
40.4 Diffraction Efficiencies of Zone Plates / 40.4
40.5 Manufacture of Zone Plates / 40.8
40.6 Bragg-Fresnel Lenses / 40.9
40.7 References / 40.10
Chapter 41. Multilayers Eberhard Spiller 41.1
41.1 Glossary / 41.1
41.2 Introduction / 41.1
41.3 Calculation of Multilayer Properties / 41.3
41.4 Fabrication Methods and Performance / 41.4
41.5 Multilayers for Diffractive Imaging / 41.9
41.6 References / 41.10
Chapter 42. Nanofocusing of Hard X-Rays with Multilayer Laue Lenses
Albert T. Macrander, Hanfei Yan, Hyon Chol Kang, Jörg Maser, Chian Liu, Ray Conley, and G. Brian Stephenson
42.1 Abstract / 42.1
42.1 Introduction / 42.2
42.2 Mll Concept and Volume Diffraction Calculations / 42.4
42.3 Magnetron-Sputtered Mlls / 42.5
42.4 Instrumental Beamline Arrangement and Measurements / 42.9
42.5 Takagi-Taupin Calculations / 42.12
42.6 Wedged Mlls / 42.12
42.7 Mmls with Curved Interfaces / 42.14
42.8 Mll Prospects / 42.15
42.9 Summary / 42.17
42.10 Acknowledgments / 42.17
42.11 References / 42.18
Chapter 43. Polarizing Crystal Optics
Qun Shen
43.1 Introduction / 43.1
43.2 Linear Polarizers / 43.2
43.3 Linear Polarization Analyzers / 43.4
43.4 Phase Plates for Circular Polarization / 43.5
43.5 Circular Polarization Analyzers / 43.6
43.6 Acknowledgments / 43.8
43.7 References / 43.8
Sub Part 5.3. Reflective Optics
Chapter 44. Image Formation with Grazing Incidence Optics
James E. Harvey
44.1 Glossary / 44.3
44.2 Introduction to X-Ray Mirrors / 44.3
44.3 Optical Design and Residual Aberrations of Grazing Incidence Telescopes / 44.6
44.4 Image Analysis for Grazing Incidence X-Ray Optics / 44.12
44.5 Validation of Image Analysis for Grazing Incidence X-Ray Optics / 44.16
44.6 References / 44.18
Chapter 45. Aberrations for Grazing Incidence Optics
Timo T. Saha
45.1 Grazing Incidence Telescopes / 45.1
45.2 Surface Equations / 45.1
45.3 Transverse Ray Aberration Expansions / 45.3
45.4 Curvature of the Best Focal Surface / 45.5
45.5 Aberration Balancing / 45.5
45.6 On-Axis Aberrations / 45.6
45.7 References / 45.8
Chapter 46. X-Ray Mirror Metrology
Peter Z. Takacs
46.1 Glossary / 46.1
46.2 Introduction / 46.1
46.3 Surface Finish Metrology / 46.2
46.4 Surface Figure Metrology / 46.3
46.5 Practical Profile Analysis Considerations / 46.6
46.6 References / 46.12
Chapter 47. Astronomical X-Ray Optics
Marshall K. Joy and Brian D. Ramsey
47.1 Introduction / 47.1
47.2 Wolter X-Ray Optics / 47.2
47.3 Kirkpatrick-Baez Optics / 47.7
47.4 Hard X-Ray Optics / 47.9
47.5 Toward Higher Angular Resolution / 47.10
47.6 References / 47.11
Chapter 48. Multifoil X-Ray Optics
Ladislav Pina
48.1 Introduction / 48.1
48.2 Grazing Incidence Optics / 48.1
48.3 Multifoil Lobster-Eye Optics / 48.2
48.4 Multifoil Kirkpatrick-Baez Optics / 48.3
48.5 Summary / 48.4
48.6 References / 48.4
Chapter 49. Pore Optics
Marco W. Beijersbergen
49.1 Introduction / 49.1
49.2 Glass Micropore Optics / 49.1
49.3 Silicon Pore Optics / 49.6
49.4 Micromachined Silicon / 49.7
49.5 References / 49.7
Chapter 50. Adaptive X-Ray Optics
Ali Khounsary
50.1 Introduction / 50.1
50.2 Adaptive Optics in X-Ray Astronomy / 50.2
50.3 Active and Adaptive Optics for Synchrotron- and Lab-Based X-Ray Sources / 50.2
50.4 Conclusions / 50.8
50.5 References / 50.8
Chapter 51. The Schwarzschild Objective
Franco Cerrina
51.1 Introduction / 51.1
51.2 Applications to X-Ray Domain / 51.3
51.3 References / 51.5
Chapter 52. Single Capillaries
Donald H. Bilderback and Sterling W. Cornaby
52.1 Background / 52.1
52.2 Design Parameters / 52.1
52.3 Fabrication / 52.4
52.4 Applications of Single-Bounce Capillary Optics / 52.5
52.5 Applications of Condensing Capillary Optics / 52.6
52.6 Conclusions / 52.6
52.7 Acknowledgments / 52.6
52.8 References / 52.6
Chapter 53. Polycapillary X-Ray Optics
Carolyn MacDonald and Walter Gibson
53.1 Introduction / 53.1
53.2 Simulations and Defect Analysis / 53.3
53.3 Radiation Resistance / 53.5
53.4 Alignment and Measurement / 53.5
53.5 Collimation / 53.8
53.6 Focusing / 53.9
53.7 Applications / 53.10
53.8 Summary / 53.19
53.9 Acknowledgments / 53.19
53.10 References / 53.19
Sub Part 5.4. X-Ray Sources
Chapter 54. X-Ray Tube Sources
Susanne M. Lee and Carolyn MacDonald
54.1 Introduction / 54.3
54.2 Spectra / 54.4
54.3 Cathode Design and Geometry / 54.10
54.4 Effect of Anode Material, Geometry, and Source Size on Intensity and Brightness / 54.11
54.5 General Optimization / 54.15
54.6 References / 54.17
Chapter 55. Synchrotron Sources
Steven L. Hulbert and Gwyn P. Williams
55.1 Introduction / 55.1
55.2 Theory of Synchrotron Radiation Emission / 55.2
55.3 Insertion Devices (Undulators and Wigglers) / 55.9
55.4 Coherence of Synchrotron Radiation Emission in the Long Wavelength Limit / 55.17
55.5 Conclusion / 55.20
55.6 References / 55.20
Chapter 56. Laser-Generated Plasmas
Alan Michette
56.1 Introduction / 56.1
56.2 Characteristic Radiation / 56.2
56.3 Bremsstrahlung / 56.8
56.4 Recombination Radiation / 56.10
56.5 References / 56.10
Chapter 57. Pinch Plasma Sources
Victor Kantsyrev
57.1 Introduction / 57.1
57.2 Types of Z-Pinch Radiation Sources / 57.2
57.3 Choice of Optics for Z-Pinch Sources / 57.4
57.4 References / 57.5
Chapter 58. X-Ray Lasers
Greg Tallents
58.1 Free-Electron Lasers / 58.1
58.2 High Harmonic Production / 58.2
58.3 Plasma-Based Euv Lasers / 58.2
58.4 References / 58.4
Chapter 59. Inverse Compton X-Ray Sources
Frank Carroll
59.1 Introduction / 59.1
59.2 Inverse Compton Calculations / 59.2
59.3 Practical Devices / 59.2
59.4 Applications / 59.3
59.5 Industrial/Military/Crystallographic Uses / 59.4
59.6 References / 59.4
Sub Part 5.5. X-Ray Detectors
Chapter 60. Introduction to X-Ray Detectors
Walter Gibson and Peter Siddons
60.1 Introduction / 60.3
60.2 Detector Type / 60.3
60.3 Summary / 60.9
60.4 References / 60.10
Chapter 61. Advances in Imaging Detectors
Aaron Couture
61.1 Introduction / 61.1
61.2 Flat-Panel Detectors / 61.3
61.3 Ccd Detectors / 61.7
61.4 Conclusion / 61.8
61.5 References / 61.8
Chapter 62. X-Ray Spectral Detection and Imaging
Eric Lifshin
62.1 References / 62.6
Sub Part 5.6. Neutron Optics and Applications
Chapter 63. Neutron Optics
David Mildner
63.1 Neutron Physics / 63.3
63.2 Scattering Lengths and Cross Sections / 63.5
63.3 Neutron Sources / 63.12
63.4 Neutron Optical Devices / 63.15
63.5 Refraction and Reflection / 63.19
63.6 Diffraction and Interference / 63.23
63.7 Polarization Techniques / 63.27
63.8 Neutron Detection / 63.31
63.9 References / 63.35
Chapter 64. Grazing-Incidence Neutron Optics
Mikhail Gubarev and Brian Ramsey
64.1 Introduction / 64.1
64.2 Total External Reflection / 64.1
64.3 Diffractive Scattering and Mirror Surface Roughness Requirements / 64.2
64.4 Imaging Focusing Optics / 64.3
64.5 References / 64.7
Index I.1